Blog

Run Linux Containers on FreeBSD 14 with Podman

(2024-10-06):
In one of my recent blog posts, I shared my journey as a long-time FreeBSD user. I talked about how I’ve been incredibly happy with the system, appreciating its rock-solid stability, flexibility, and performance. But, like every OS, FreeBSD had its gaps, especially when it came to some modern developments – one of which has been a pain point for many of us working with containerized environments: native support for Docker and Podman Linux images. Until recently, this missing functionality made working with containerized applications a bit of a challenge. Let me explain why that’s changed and how FreeBSD 14 has finally caught up to the container party. The Old Way: bhyve Linux VMs For a long time, one of the workarounds for running Linux containers on FreeBSD was to spin up a Linux VM using bhyve, FreeBSD’s native hypervisor. While bhyve is fantastic in its own right (fast, lightweight, .... [read more]

FreeBSD: How Can We Make It More Attractive to New Users?

(2024-10-02):
For nearly 15 years, FreeBSD has been at the core of my personal infrastructure, and my passion for it has only grown over time. As a die-hard fan, I’ve stuck with BSD-based systems because they continue to deliver exactly what I need—storage, networking, and security—without missing a beat. The features I initially fell in love with, like ZFS, jails, and pf, are still rock-solid and irreplaceable. There’s no need to overhaul them, and in many ways, that reliability is what keeps me hooked. My scripts from 20 years ago still work, and that’s a rare kind of stability that few platforms can boast. It’s not just me, either—big names like Netflix, Microsoft, and NetApp, alongside companies like Tailscale and AMD, continue to support FreeBSD, further reinforcing my belief in its strength and longevity (you can find the donators and sponsors right here). Yet, while this familiarity is comforting, it’s becoming .... [read more]

HowTo: Automated Deployment of FreeBSD VMs in Proxmox with ProxLB and Terraform

(2024-09-01):
In today’s fast-paced IT environments, automation is essential for maintaining efficiency and staying competitive. Whether you’re managing a small-scale infrastructure or an enterprise-level system, the ability to deploy virtual machines (VMs) quickly, consistently, and with minimal manual intervention can be transformative. This is where tools like ProxLB and Terraform come into play, offering a powerful solution for automating the deployment and management of VMs. Why Terraform and not Ansible? I’m aware that Ansible is a great tool – also for such things – but Ansible might be slow in some cases with too many tasks and not writing own custom modules that improve the overall handling. Terraform is often the better choice when it comes just to build up a base infrastructure from scratch where Ansible can take over after this baseline has been set. So, let’s have a look at the other tools used here. ProxLB ProxLB is a .... [read more]

Howto: Automated FreeBSD VM Deployment with ProxLB and Terraform

(2024-09-01):
In today’s fast-paced IT environments, automation is essential for maintaining efficiency and staying competitive. Whether you're managing a small-scale infrastructure or an enterprise-level system, the ability to deploy virtual machines (VMs) quickly, consistently, and with minimal manual intervention can be transformative. This is where tools like ProxLB and Terraform come into play, offering a powerful solution for automating the deployment and management of VMs. Why Terraform and not Ansible? I'm aware that Ansible is a great tool - also for such things - but Ansible might be slow in some cases with too many tasks and not writing own custom modules that improve the overall handling. Terraform is often the better choice when it comes just to build up a base infrastructure from scratch where Ansible can take over after this baseline has been set. So, let's have a look at the other tools used here. ProxLB is a robust .... [read more]

Howto Use an External USB Network Dongle in XCP-ng for the Management Interface

(2024-07-27):
When you connect an external USB network (Ethernet) dongle to a node running XCP-ng, you might encounter an issue where the device appears as a "side-NUMBER-eth0" interface. This interface, however, is not connected and cannot be used for any management interfaces within XCP-ng. You may still be able to manually configure it and to assign IP addresses but it will be still refused to be used for the management interface. To resolve this, you need to rename the device appropriately. Unfortunately, simply renaming the interface won’t work; you need to define a udev rule to ensure proper configuration. Here’s a detailed guide on how to correctly set up your USB network dongle on XCP-ng - keep in mind, that you mostly only want to use this kind of network for your dev labs and not for production usage! First, you need to identify the external USB network dongle interface and .... [read more]

XCP-ng - A More Professional Alternative to Proxmox Based on Xen

(2024-07-20):
After Broadcom increased the license fees, other virtualization solutions than VMware ESXi become very popular. I already talked about other solutions like CBSD, running on FreeBSD using bhyve for virtual machines (VM) workloads or Harvester, as an HCI solution that also allows you to run VM in a different approach. However, we mostly hear Proxmox in one of the first sentences when it comes to VMware ESXi replacements and Proxmox is a really great software based on KVM. However, there're also other solutions around and an also outstanding one is definitely XCP-ng. XCP-ng is based on Xen and follows a completely different approach than Proxmox with KVM. XCP-ng (Xen Cloud Platform - Next Generation) is an open-source virtualization platform which is created from the XenServer hypervisor. It is designed to offer a powerful, robust and also cost-effective solution for managing virtualized environments. Based on the popular Xen hypervisor, XCP-ng benefits .... [read more]

ProxLB - (Re)Balance VM Workloads Across Nodes in Proxmox Clusters.

(2024-07-06):
ProxLB (PLB) is an open-source Proxmox loadbalancer, but different! ProxLB is an application created to optimize the distribution of virtual machines (VMs) across Proxmox cluster nodes for significantly enhancing efficiency and performance. Utilizing the Proxmox API, ProxLB gathers and analyzes a comprehensive set of resource metrics from both the cluster nodes and the running VMs, including CPU usage, memory consumption, and local disk utilization. A key feature of ProxLB is its intelligent rebalancing capability, which redistributes VMs based on their memory, disk, or CPU usage. In those cases, the real memory consumption from the VM is taken instead of the potential maximum usage. This ensures no single node is overburdened while others remain underutilized, significantly enhancing cluster performance and reliability. By evenly distributing resources, ProxLB helps prevent performance bottlenecks and improves the overall stability of the cluster. Efficient rebalancing leads to better utilization of available resources, potentially reducing the need .... [read more]

Harvester - A More Modern Alternative to Proxmox As a HCI

(2024-06-25):
After Broadcom increased the license fees, other virtualization alternatives become very popular. While I previously already evaluated various virtualization platforms, including Proxmox, as well as other solutions that are based on FreeBSD, such as bhyve-webadmin (BVCP), and ClonOS there are of course also several other ones and it is worth noting another noteworthy option in the landscape of hyperconverged infrastructure (HCI). Harvester is an innovative, open-source HCI platform that is built atop of Kubernetes, offering a cloud-native approach to infrastructure management. It is tailored for operators who are in search of an open-source HCI solution that can seamlessly integrate with their existing systems. Harvester is engineered to be deployed directly on bare metal servers, where it provides a combination of virtualization and distributed storage functionalities. This solution is not limited to managing traditional virtual machines, it also embraces the containerization trend by facilitating containerized workloads through its integration with Rancher. .... [read more]

ClonOS - An Alternative to Proxmox Based on FreeBSD

(2024-06-21):
In the realm of virtualization, there are already several robust and well-established platforms like Proxmox and OpenStack. These solutions have paved the way for efficient and comprehensive management of virtual environments, primarily on Linux-based systems. However, for those who appreciate the power and elegance of FreeBSD, there has been a notable absence of a comparable tool that leverages this operating system's unique strengths. With ClonOS (mainly written by Oleg G. and Oleg M.) an innovative open-source solution that fills the gap by offering a turnkey solution based on FreeBSD and the CBSD framework, we are finally receiving a solution that also offers the missing enterprise features like multiple node support to create clusters and live migrations for virtual machines. ClonOS is designed to provide seamless control, deployment, and management of FreeBSD jails containers, but also of virtual machines (VMs) with bhyve to create virtual environments. Built on the powerful CBSD .... [read more]

Howto Monitor SSL Certificates Expiration in Grafana

(2024-05-30):
In today's digital landscape, ensuring the security of online communications is paramount, and SSL certificates play a crucial role in this process. Monitoring these certificates to prevent unexpected expirations is essential for maintaining uninterrupted service and trust. This HowTo guide provides a step-by-step approach to setting up monitoring for SSL certificates, ensuring you receive timely alerts before they expire. By utilizing powerful tools such as Blackbox Exporter, Alertmanager, Prometheus and Grafana, you can automate the notification process, allowing for proactive certificate management. This guide simplifies the setup process, making it accessible for both beginners and experienced professionals. With these instructions, you can enhance your security posture and avoid the risks associated with expired SSL certificates. How to receive alert messages from Grafana in your Matrix chat may also be interesting - I already covered that one here . Screenshot General This howto expects you to have an already working installation .... [read more]

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